Programming Languages |
| TERM |
DEFINITION |
| Machine Learning |
a branch of artifical intelligence and computer science which focuses on the use of data and algorithms to imitate the way that humans learn, gradually improving its accuracy |
| Debugging |
the process of finding and fixing errors or bugs in the source code of any software |
| Assembler |
a type of computer program that takes in basic instructions and converts them into a pattern of bits that the computer's processor can use to perform basic operations. |
| Assembly Language |
a type of low-level programming language that is intended to comunicate directly with the computer's software |
| Translator |
processor that converts a computer program from one language to another |
| Compiler |
a special program that translates a programming language's source code into machine code, bytecode, or another programming language |
| Interpretor |
a program that directly executes the instructions in a high level language, without converting it into machine code |
| Cross-Platform Software |
creating software that will be implemented and run on multiple platforms |
| Natural Language |
languages that people speak, such as English, Spanish, and French; they evolve naturally |
| Formal Language |
languages designed by people for specific applications (programming languages are formal languages) |
| Machine Independence |
software that is not dependent on the properties of a particular machine |
| High-Level Programming Language |
languages that are designed to allow humans to write computer programs and interact with a computer system without having to have specific knowledge of the processor or hardware that the program will run on |
| Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) |
a computer programming model that organizes software design around data, or objects, rather than functions and logic |
| Scripting Language |
types of programming languages where the instructions are written for a run-time environment, to bring new functions to applications, and integrate or communicate complex systems and other programming languages |
Data Types:
|
- represents positive or negative whole numbers (like 4 or -20)
- represents real numbers like 3.14 or -2.35
- represents text; written in either single or double quotes (as long as they are the same)
|
| Primitive Data Type |
a set of basic data types from which all other data types are constructed |
| Data Structure |
methods of storing and organizing data in a computer syustem so that operations can be performed upon them more efficiently |
Python Collection Data Structures:
- list
- tuple
- set
- dictionary
|
- used to store multiple items in a single variable
- used to store multiple items in a signle variable; a collection which is ordered and unchangeable
- used to store multiple items in a single variable; a collection which is unordered, unchangeable, and unindexed
- used to store data values in key: value pairs; a collection which is ordered, changeable, and do not allow duplicates
|
| Function |
a sequence of program instructions that performs a specific task, packaged as a unit |
| Local Variable |
a variable that is only accessible within a specific part of the program |
| Global Variable |
a variable with global scope, meaning that it is visiblee (hence accessible) throughout the program, unless shadowed |
| Source Program |
a text file that contains instructions written in a high level language |
| Object Program |
a computer program translated from the equivalent source progrm into machine language by the compiler or assembler |